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Version: 2.5

Hudi catalog

A Hudi catalog is a kind of external catalog that enables you to query data from Apache Hudi without ingestion.

Also, you can directly transform and load data from Hudi by using INSERT INTO based on Hudi catalogs. StarRocks supports Hudi catalogs from v2.4 onwards.

To ensure successful SQL workloads on your Hudi cluster, your StarRocks cluster must be able to access the storage system and metastore of your Hudi cluster. StarRocks supports the following storage systems and metastores:

  • Object storage or distributed file system like AWS S3 or HDFS
  • Metastore like Hive metastore or AWS Glue

Usage notes​

  • The file format of Hudi that StarRocks supports is Parquet. Parquet files support the following compression formats: SNAPPY, LZ4, ZSTD, GZIP, and NO_COMPRESSION.
  • StarRocks provides complete support for Copy On Write (COW) tables and Merge On Read (MOR) tables from Hudi.

Integration preparations​

Before you create a Hudi catalog, make sure your StarRocks cluster can integrate with the storage system and metastore of your Hudi cluster.

AWS IAM​

If your Hudi cluster uses AWS S3 as storage or AWS Glue as metastore, choose your suitable authentication method and make the required preparations to ensure that your StarRocks cluster can access the related AWS cloud resources.

The following authentication methods are recommended:

  • Instance profile
  • Assumed role
  • IAM user

Of the above-mentioned three authentication methods, instance profile is the most widely used.

For more information, see Preparation for authentication in AWS IAM.

HDFS​

If you choose HDFS as storage, configure your StarRocks cluster as follows:

  • (Optional) Set the username that is used to access your HDFS cluster and Hive metastore. By default, StarRocks uses the username of the FE and BE processes to access your HDFS cluster and Hive metastore. You can also set the username by adding export HADOOP_USER_NAME="<user_name>" at the beginning of the fe/conf/hadoop_env.sh file of each FE and at the beginning of the be/conf/hadoop_env.sh file of each BE. After you set the username in these files, restart each FE and each BE to make the parameter settings take effect. You can set only one username for each StarRocks cluster.

  • When you query Hudi data, the FEs and BEs of your StarRocks cluster use the HDFS client to access your HDFS cluster. In most cases, you do not need to configure your StarRocks cluster to achieve that purpose, and StarRocks starts the HDFS client using the default configurations. You need to configure your StarRocks cluster only in the following situations:

    • High availability (HA) is enabled for your HDFS cluster: Add the hdfs-site.xml file of your HDFS cluster to the $FE_HOME/conf path of each FE and to the $BE_HOME/conf path of each BE.
    • View File System (ViewFs) is enabled for your HDFS cluster: Add the core-site.xml file of your HDFS cluster to the $FE_HOME/conf path of each FE and to the $BE_HOME/conf path of each BE.

NOTE

If an error indicating an unknown host is returned when you send a query, you must add the mapping between the host names and IP addresses of your HDFS cluster nodes to the /etc/hosts path.

Kerberos authentication​

If Kerberos authentication is enabled for your HDFS cluster or Hive metastore, configure your StarRocks cluster as follows:

  • Run the kinit -kt keytab_path principal command on each FE and each BE to obtain Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT) from Key Distribution Center (KDC). To run this command, you must have the permissions to access your HDFS cluster and Hive metastore. Note that accessing KDC with this command is time-sensitive. Therefore, you need to use cron to run this command periodically.
  • Add JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.security.krb5.conf=/etc/krb5.conf" to the $FE_HOME/conf/fe.conf file of each FE and to the $BE_HOME/conf/be.conf file of each BE. In this example, /etc/krb5.conf is the save path of the krb5.conf file. You can modify the path based on your needs.

Create a Hudi catalog​

Syntax​

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG <catalog_name>
[COMMENT <comment>]
PROPERTIES
(
    "type" = "hudi",
    MetastoreParams,
    StorageCredentialParams,
    MetadataUpdateParams
)

Parameters​

catalog_name​

The name of the Hudi catalog. The naming conventions are as follows:

  • The name can contain letters, digits (0-9), and underscores (_). It must start with a letter.
  • The name is case-sensitive and cannot exceed 1023 characters in length.

comment​

The description of the Hudi catalog. This parameter is optional.

type​

The type of your data source. Set the value to hudi.

MetastoreParams​

A set of parameters about how StarRocks integrates with the metastore of your data source.

Hive metastore​

If you choose Hive metastore as the metastore of your data source, configure MetastoreParams as follows:

"hive.metastore.type" = "hive",
"hive.metastore.uris" = "<hive_metastore_uri>"

NOTE

Before querying Hudi data, you must add the mapping between the host names and IP addresses of your Hive metastore nodes to the /etc/hosts path. Otherwise, StarRocks may fail to access your Hive metastore when you start a query.

The following table describes the parameter you need to configure in MetastoreParams.

ParameterRequiredDescription
hive.metastore.typeYesThe type of metastore that you use for your Hudi cluster. Set the value to hive.
hive.metastore.urisYesThe URI of your Hive metastore. Format: thrift://<metastore_IP_address>:<metastore_port>.
If high availability (HA) is enabled for your Hive metastore, you can specify multiple metastore URIs and separate them with commas (,), for example, "thrift://<metastore_IP_address_1>:<metastore_port_1>,thrift://<metastore_IP_address_2>:<metastore_port_2>,thrift://<metastore_IP_address_3>:<metastore_port_3>".
AWS Glue​

If you choose AWS Glue as the metastore of your data source, take one of the following actions:

  • To choose the instance profile-based authentication method, configure MetastoreParams as follows:

    "hive.metastore.type" = "glue",
    "aws.glue.use_instance_profile" = "true",
    "aws.glue.region" = "<aws_glue_region>"

  • To choose the assumed role-based authentication method, configure MetastoreParams as follows:

    "hive.metastore.type" = "glue",
    "aws.glue.use_instance_profile" = "true",
    "aws.glue.iam_role_arn" = "<iam_role_arn>",
    "aws.glue.region" = "<aws_glue_region>"

  • To choose the IAM user-based authentication method, configure MetastoreParams as follows:

    "hive.metastore.type" = "glue",
    "aws.glue.use_instance_profile" = "false",
    "aws.glue.access_key" = "<iam_user_access_key>",
    "aws.glue.secret_key" = "<iam_user_secret_key>",
    "aws.glue.region" = "<aws_s3_region>"

The following table describes the parameters you need to configure in MetastoreParams.

ParameterRequiredDescription
hive.metastore.typeYesThe type of metastore that you use for your Hudi cluster. Set the value to glue.
aws.glue.use_instance_profileYesSpecifies whether to enable the instance profile-based authentication method and the assumed role-based authentication method. Valid values: true and false. Default value: false.
aws.glue.iam_role_arnNoThe ARN of the IAM role that has privileges on your AWS Glue Data Catalog. If you use the assumed role-based authentication method to access AWS Glue, you must specify this parameter.
aws.glue.regionYesThe region in which your AWS Glue Data Catalog resides. Example: us-west-1.
aws.glue.access_keyNoThe access key of your AWS IAM user. If you use the IAM user-based authentication method to access AWS Glue, you must specify this parameter.
aws.glue.secret_keyNoThe secret key of your AWS IAM user. If you use the IAM user-based authentication method to access AWS Glue, you must specify this parameter.

For information about how to choose an authentication method for accessing AWS Glue and how to configure an access control policy in the AWS IAM Console, see Authentication parameters for accessing AWS Glue.

StorageCredentialParams​

A set of parameters about how StarRocks integrates with your storage system. This parameter set is optional.

You need to configure StorageCredentialParams only when your Hudi cluster uses AWS S3 as storage.

If your Hudi cluster uses any other storage system, you can ignore StorageCredentialParams.

AWS S3​

If you choose AWS S3 as storage for your Hudi cluster, take one of the following actions:

  • To choose the instance profile-based authentication method, configure StorageCredentialParams as follows:

    "aws.s3.use_instance_profile" = "true",
    "aws.s3.region" = "<aws_s3_region>"

  • To choose the assumed role-based authentication method, configure StorageCredentialParams as follows:

    "aws.s3.use_instance_profile" = "true",
    "aws.s3.iam_role_arn" = "<iam_role_arn>",
    "aws.s3.region" = "<aws_s3_region>"

  • To choose the IAM user-based authentication method, configure StorageCredentialParams as follows:

    "aws.s3.use_instance_profile" = "false",
    "aws.s3.access_key" = "<iam_user_access_key>",
    "aws.s3.secret_key" = "<iam_user_secret_key>",
    "aws.s3.region" = "<aws_s3_region>"

The following table describes the parameters you need to configure in StorageCredentialParams.

ParameterRequiredDescription
aws.s3.use_instance_profileYesSpecifies whether to enable the instance profile-based authentication method and the assumed role-based authentication method. Valid values: true and false. Default value: false.
aws.s3.iam_role_arnNoThe ARN of the IAM role that has privileges on your AWS S3 bucket. If you use the assumed role-based authentication method to access AWS S3, you must specify this parameter.
aws.s3.regionYesThe region in which your AWS S3 bucket resides. Example: us-west-1.
aws.s3.access_keyNoThe access key of your IAM user. If you use the IAM user-based authentication method to access AWS S3, you must specify this parameter.
aws.s3.secret_keyNoThe secret key of your IAM user. If you use the IAM user-based authentication method to access AWS S3, you must specify this parameter.

For information about how to choose an authentication method for accessing AWS S3 and how to configure an access control policy in AWS IAM Console, see Authentication parameters for accessing AWS S3.

S3-compatible storage system​

Hudi catalogs support S3-compatible storage systems from v2.5 onwards.

If you choose an S3-compatible storage system, such as MinIO, as storage for your Hudi cluster, configure StorageCredentialParams as follows to ensure a successful integration:

"aws.s3.enable_ssl" = "{true | false}",
"aws.s3.enable_path_style_access" = "{true | false}",
"aws.s3.endpoint" = "<s3_endpoint>",
"aws.s3.access_key" = "<iam_user_access_key>",
"aws.s3.secret_key" = "<iam_user_secret_key>"

The following table describes the parameters you need to configure in StorageCredentialParams.

ParameterRequiredDescription
aws.s3.enable_sslYesSpecifies whether to enable SSL connection.
Valid values: true and false. Default value: true.
aws.s3.enable_path_style_accessYesSpecifies whether to enable path-style access.
Valid values: true and false. Default value: false. For MinIO, you must set the value to true.
Path-style URLs use the following format: https://s3.<region_code>.amazonaws.com/<bucket_name>/<key_name>. For example, if you create a bucket named DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET1 in the US West (Oregon) Region, and you want to access the alice.jpg object in that bucket, you can use the following path-style URL: https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET1/alice.jpg.
aws.s3.endpointYesThe endpoint that is used to connect to your S3-compatible storage system instead of AWS S3.
aws.s3.access_keyYesThe access key of your IAM user.
aws.s3.secret_keyYesThe secret key of your IAM user.

MetadataUpdateParams​

A set of parameters about how StarRocks updates the cached metadata of Hudi. This parameter set is optional.

StarRocks implements the automatic asynchronous update policy by default.

In most cases, you can ignore MetadataUpdateParams and do not need to tune the policy parameters in it, because the default values of these parameters already provide you with an out-of-the-box performance.

However, if the frequency of data updates in Hudi is high, you can tune these parameters to further optimize the performance of automatic asynchronous updates.

NOTE

In most cases, if your Hudi data is updated at a granularity of 1 hour or less, the data update frequency is considered high.

ParameterRequiredDescription
enable_metastore_cacheNoSpecifies whether StarRocks caches the metadata of Hudi tables. Valid values: true and false. Default value: true. The value true enables the cache, and the value false disables the cache.
enable_remote_file_cacheNoSpecifies whether StarRocks caches the metadata of the underlying data files of Hudi tables or partitions. Valid values: true and false. Default value: true. The value true enables the cache, and the value false disables the cache.
metastore_cache_refresh_interval_secNoThe time interval at which StarRocks asynchronously updates the metadata of Hudi tables or partitions cached in itself. Unit: seconds. Default value: 7200, which is 2 hours.
remote_file_cache_refresh_interval_secNoThe time interval at which StarRocks asynchronously updates the metadata of the underlying data files of Hudi tables or partitions cached in itself. Unit: seconds. Default value: 60.
metastore_cache_ttl_secNoThe time interval at which StarRocks automatically discards the metadata of Hudi tables or partitions cached in itself. Unit: seconds. Default value: 86400, which is 24 hours.
remote_file_cache_ttl_secNoThe time interval at which StarRocks automatically discards the metadata of the underlying data files of Hudi tables or partitions cached in itself. Unit: seconds. Default value: 129600, which is 36 hours.

Examples​

The following examples create a Hudi catalog named hudi_catalog_hms or hudi_catalog_glue, depending on the type of metastore you use, to query data from your Hudi cluster.

HDFS​

If you use HDFS as storage, run a command like below:

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hudi_catalog_hms
PROPERTIES
(
    "type" = "hudi",
    "hive.metastore.type" = "hive",
    "hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083"
);

AWS S3​

If you choose instance profile-based credential​

  • If you use Hive metastore in your Hudi cluster, run a command like below:

    CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hudi_catalog_hms
    PROPERTIES
    (
        "type" = "hudi",
        "hive.metastore.type" = "hive",
        "hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083",
        "aws.s3.use_instance_profile" = "true",
        "aws.s3.region" = "us-west-2"
    );

  • If you use AWS Glue in your Amazon EMR Hudi cluster, run a command like below:

    CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hudi_catalog_glue
    PROPERTIES
    (
        "type" = "hudi",
        "hive.metastore.type" = "glue",
        "aws.glue.use_instance_profile" = "true",
        "aws.glue.region" = "us-west-2",
        "aws.s3.use_instance_profile" = "true",
        "aws.s3.region" = "us-west-2"
    );
If you choose assumed role-based credential​

  • If you use Hive metastore in your Hudi cluster, run a command like below:

    CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hudi_catalog_hms
    PROPERTIES
    (
        "type" = "hudi",
        "hive.metastore.type" = "hive",
        "hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083",
        "aws.s3.use_instance_profile" = "true",
        "aws.s3.iam_role_arn" = "arn:aws:iam::081976408565:role/test_s3_role",
        "aws.s3.region" = "us-west-2"
    );

  • If you use AWS Glue in your Amazon EMR Hudi cluster, run a command like below:

    CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hudi_catalog_glue
    PROPERTIES
    (
        "type" = "hudi",
        "hive.metastore.type" = "glue",
        "aws.glue.use_instance_profile" = "true",
        "aws.glue.iam_role_arn" = "arn:aws:iam::081976408565:role/test_glue_role",
        "aws.glue.region" = "us-west-2",
        "aws.s3.use_instance_profile" = "true",
        "aws.s3.iam_role_arn" = "arn:aws:iam::081976408565:role/test_s3_role",
        "aws.s3.region" = "us-west-2"
    );
If you choose IAM user-based credential​

  • If you use Hive metastore in your Hudi cluster, run a command like below:

    CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hudi_catalog_hms
    PROPERTIES
    (
        "type" = "hudi",
        "hive.metastore.type" = "hive",
        "hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083",
        "aws.s3.use_instance_profile" = "false",
        "aws.s3.access_key" = "<iam_user_access_key>",
        "aws.s3.secret_key" = "<iam_user_access_key>",
        "aws.s3.region" = "us-west-2"
    );

  • If you use AWS Glue in your Amazon EMR Hudi cluster, run a command like below:

    CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hudi_catalog_glue
    PROPERTIES
    (
        "type" = "hudi",
        "hive.metastore.type" = "glue",
        "aws.glue.use_instance_profile" = "false",
        "aws.glue.access_key" = "<iam_user_access_key>",
        "aws.glue.secret_key" = "<iam_user_secret_key>",
        "aws.glue.region" = "us-west-2",
        "aws.s3.use_instance_profile" = "false",
        "aws.s3.access_key" = "<iam_user_access_key>",
        "aws.s3.secret_key" = "<iam_user_secret_key>",
        "aws.s3.region" = "us-west-2"
    );

S3-compatible storage system​

Use MinIO as an example. Run a command like below:

CREATE EXTERNAL CATALOG hudi_catalog_hms
PROPERTIES
(
    "type" = "hudi",
    "hive.metastore.type" = "hive",
    "hive.metastore.uris" = "thrift://xx.xx.xx.xx:9083",
    "aws.s3.enable_ssl" = "true",
    "aws.s3.enable_path_style_access" = "true",
    "aws.s3.endpoint" = "<s3_endpoint>",
    "aws.s3.access_key" = "<iam_user_access_key>",
    "aws.s3.secret_key" = "<iam_user_secret_key>"
);

View the schema of a Hudi table​

You can use one of the following syntaxes to view the schema of a Hudi table:

  • View schema

    DESC[RIBE] <catalog_name>.<database_name>.<table_name>

  • View schema and location from the CREATE statement

    SHOW CREATE TABLE <catalog_name>.<database_name>.<table_name>

Query a Hudi table​

  1. Use the following syntax to view the databases in your Hudi cluster:

    SHOW DATABASES FROM <catalog_name>

  2. Use the following syntax to connect to your target Hudi database:

    USE <catalog_name>.<database_name>

  3. Use the following syntax to query the Hudi table:

    SELECT count(*) FROM <table_name> LIMIT 10

Load data from Hudi​

Suppose you have an OLAP table named olap_tbl, you can transform and load data like below:

INSERT INTO default_catalog.olap_db.olap_tbl SELECT * FROM hudi_table

Manually or automatically update metadata cache​

Manual update​

By default, StarRocks caches the metadata of Hudi and automatically updates the metadata in asynchronous mode to deliver better performance. Additionally, after some schema changes or table updates are made on a Hudi table, you can also use REFRESH EXTERNAL TABLE to manually update its metadata, thereby ensuring that StarRocks can obtain up-to-date metadata at its earliest opportunity and generate appropriate execution plans:

REFRESH EXTERNAL TABLE <table_name>

Appendix: Understand metadata automatic asynchronous update​

Automatic asynchronous update is the default policy that StarRocks uses to update the metadata in Hudi catalogs.

By default (namely, when the enable_metastore_cache and enable_remote_file_cache parameters are both set to true), if a query hits a partition of a Hudi table, StarRocks automatically caches the metadata of the partition and the metadata of the underlying data files of the partition. The cached metadata is updated by using the lazy update policy.

For example, there is a Hudi table named table2, which has four partitions: p1, p2, p3, and p4. A query hits p1, and StarRocks caches the metadata of p1 and the metadata of the underlying data files of p1. Assume that the default time intervals to update and discard the cached metadata are as follows:

  • The time interval (specified by the metastore_cache_refresh_interval_sec parameter) to asynchronously update the cached metadata of p1 is 2 hours.
  • The time interval (specified by the remote_file_cache_refresh_interval_sec parameter) to asynchronously update the cached metadata of the underlying data files of p1 is 60 seconds.
  • The time interval (specified by the metastore_cache_ttl_sec parameter) to automatically discard the cached metadata of p1 is 24 hours.
  • The time interval (specified by the remote_file_cache_ttl_sec parameter) to automatically discard the cached metadata of the underlying data files of p1 is 36 hours.

The following figure shows the time intervals on a timeline for easier understanding.

Timeline for updating and discarding cached metadata

Then StarRocks updates or discards the metadata in compliance with the following rules:

  • If another query hits p1 again and the current time from the last update is less than 60 seconds, StarRocks does not update the cached metadata of p1 or the cached metadata of the underlying data files of p1.
  • If another query hits p1 again and the current time from the last update is more than 60 seconds, StarRocks updates the cached metadata of the underlying data files of p1.
  • If another query hits p1 again and the current time from the last update is more than 2 hours, StarRocks updates the cached metadata of p1.
  • If p1 has not been accessed within 24 hours from the last update, StarRocks discards the cached metadata of p1. The metadata will be cached at the next query.
  • If p1 has not been accessed within 36 hours from the last update, StarRocks discards the cached metadata of the underlying data files of p1. The metadata will be cached at the next query.